Cosmic Evolutionary Dynamics: Tracing the Universe’s Development

Abstract

The universe emerged from a singularity and, after the Big Bang, inflated and expanded into a more complicated stage when the dark matter and the dark energy formed structures, the epoch of recombination. After that, the universe became even more complex since the diminutive cosmic structures built up, gradually forming the very first star and consequently the first galaxy, the large-scale structures through galaxies clustering. This paper briefly introduces the process of cosmic evolution, from the very start of the entire universe to the web-like universe that we observe today, traces the universe’s development by concentrating on several observational evidence that support or improve the cosmological models, and introduces some observational instruments, including the James Webb Space Telescope and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, and global projects like Square Kilometer Array, which may greatly propel the observational and theoretical cosmology in the future.