Galaxy Formation and Evolution in an Einstein-de Sitter Cosmology

Authors

  • Jian Pan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61173/qhprmw76

Keywords:

Einstein-de Sitter universe, galaxy formation, cosmic evolution, cosmological models

Abstract

The Einstein-de Sitter universe, proposed in 1932, presents a flat, matter-only cosmological model that offers insights into the galaxies’ formation and evolution. This model simplifies the understanding of galaxy dynamics by distinguishing between gravitationally bound and unbound systems. Key processes influencing galaxy evolution include the gravitational collapse of dark matter, mergers, and interactions that dictate structure and star formation. Advanced observational techniques, such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, alongside sophisticated simulations, have deepened our understanding of cosmic history and the intricate processes of galaxy formation. Despite its simplicity, the model does not incorporate dark energy or complexities of matter distribution, necessitating ongoing research to refine our understanding of the universe.

References

[1] Einstein, A. Cosmological Considerations on the General Theory of Relativity. Cosmological Constants: Papers in Modern Cosmology, 1986, 16.

[2] Hubble, E. A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1929, 15(3): 168-173.

[3] Friedmann, A. On the Curvature of Space. Zeitschrift für Physik, 1922, 31(12): 377.

[4] Einstein, A., & de Sitter, W. On the Relation between the Expansion and the Mean Density of the Universe. In A Source Book in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1979, 1900–1975: 849- 850.

[5] Einstein, A. & de Sitter, W. On the Relation between the Expansion and the Mean Density of the Universe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1932, 18: 213-214.

[6] Dekel, A., & Birnboim, Y. Galaxy bimodality due to cold flows and shock heating. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2006, 368(1): 2-20.

[7] Barkana, R., & Loeb, A. In the Beginning: The First Sources of Light and the Reionization of the Universe. Physics Reports, 2001, 349(2): 125-238.

[8] Mo, H. J., van den Bosch, F. C., & White, S. D. M. Galaxy Formation and Evolution. Nature, 2010.

[9] Springel, V. et al. Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars. Nature, 2005, 435: 629- 636.

[10] Vogelsberger, M. et al. Introducing the Illustris Project: simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2014, 444(2): 1518-1547.

[11] Peebles, P. J. E. Principles of Physical Cosmology. Princeton University Press, 1993, 27.

[12] Planck Collaboration. Planck 2015 results-xiii. cosmological parameters. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2016, 594: A13.

[13] Toft, S., et al. The role of galaxy interactions in the formation of stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2017, 471(3): 3548-3565.

[14] Riess, A.G., et al. Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant. The Astronomical Journal, 1998, 116(3): 1009.

[15] Johnson, A., & Lee, M. Mapping the Milky Way: New Techniques and Discoveries. Astronomy and Space Science Reviews, 2023.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-31

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 6 (2024): Volume 2, Issue 6

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 by the authors.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.