Graphene-Based Materials in Energy Storage and Conversion Devices

Abstract

Global energy demand and environmental concerns have grown increasingly over the years. To solve these problems, advanced energy storage and conversion technologies are essential. This work explores the applications of graphene-based materials to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells. In lithium-ion batteries, graphene significantly improves electrical conductivity, mechanical stability, and energy capacity, thereby improving battery performance. Likewise, in supercapacitors, graphene-based electrodes exhibit excellent specific capacitance and energy density, which are crucial for high-power applications. In solar cells, graphene improves photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability, especially in perovskite and ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells. However, the high cost and complexity of producing graphene limit its widespread use. Future research should focus on developing cost-effective production methods, optimizing graphene properties through doping, exploring composite materials, and expanding graphene applications in sustainable energy and environmental fields. This work provides an overview of current progress and suggests directions for future research in this area.