The Role of Aqueous Inorganic Ions in Modulating the Photocatalytic Activity of Faceted BiOCl
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61173/6nevq041Keywords:
BiOCl Photocatalysis, Facet-Dependent Re-activity, Inorganic Ion ModulationAbstract
The coexistence of inorganic ions in aquatic environments plays a crucial role in influencing photocatalytic performance. In this study, well-defined BiOCl nanosheets, characterized by dominant {001} and {010} facets, were employed as a model photocatalyst to investigate the effects of various inorganic ions on the photocatalytic degradation activity of faceted photocatalysts. The results indicated that the introduction of inorganic ions significantly modulated the photocatalytic degradation rate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) over the faceted BiOCl photocatalyst. BiOCl exhibited facet-dependent photocatalytic activity for SMX degradation, with the {001} facet demonstrating superior performance compared to the {010} facet under both cationic and anionic conditions. This study highlights the importance of facet-dependent synergy in the rational design of photocatalysts for the effective degradation of persistent pollutants in practical applications.
References
[1] Lin, L.; Lin, Z.; Zhang, J.; Cai, X.; Lin, W.; Yu, Z.; Wang, X. Molecular-Level Insights on the Reactive Facet of Carbon Nitride Single Crystals Photocatalysing Overall Water Splitting. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3: 649‒655.
[2] Hoffmann, M. R.; Martin, S. T.; Choi, W.; Bahnemann, D. W. Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95: 69‒96.
[3] Guan, M.; Xiao, C.; Zhang, J.; Fan, S.; An, R.; Cheng, Q.; Xie, J.; Zhou, M.; Ye, B.; Xie, Y. Vacancy Associates Promoting Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Ultrathin Bismuth Oxychloride Nanosheets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135: 10411‒10417.
[4] Chen, Y.; Xu, C.; Li, S.; An, J.; Li, L.; Tang, B. Electric- Dean&Francis Yuntian Bi, Yiran Hui Field-Driven Redistribution of Carriers on Catalyst Particles to Improve Photocatalytic Performance. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146: 31456‒31463.
[5] Wang, Z.; Li, C.; Domen, K. Recent Developments in Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Solar-Driven Overall Water Splitting. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2019, 48: 2109‒2125.
[6] Xu, Z.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Y.; Gu, Y.; An, Y. BiOClbased photocatalysts: Synthesis methods, structure, property, application, and perspective. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2022, 138: 109277‒109292.
[7] Yang, H. G.; Sun, C. H.; Qiao, S. Z.; Zou, J.; Liu, G.; Smith, S. C.; Cheng, H. M.; Lu, G. Q. Anatase TiO2 Single Crystals with a Large Percentage of Reactive Facets. Nature 2008, 453: 638‒641.
[8] Li, R.; Zhang, F.; Wang, D.; Yang, J.; Li, M.; Zhu, J.; Zhou, X.; Han, H.; Li, C. Spatial Separation of Photogenerated Electrons and Holes among {010} and {110} Crystal Facets of BiVO4. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1432.
[9] Zhang, K. L.; Liu, C. M.; Huang, F. Q.; Zheng, C.; Wang, W. D. Study of the Electronic Structure and Photocatalytic Activity of the BiOCl Photocatalyst. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2006, 68, 125‒129.
[10] Zhao, K.; Zhang, L.; Wang, J.; Li, Q.; He, W.; Yin, J. J. Surface Structure-Dependent Molecular Oxygen Activation of BiOCl Single-Crystalline Nanosheets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135: 15750‒15753.
[11] Lianmawii, L.; Singh, N. M. Effect of Additives on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green using NiS:Tb3+ Nanoparticle and Their Photoluminescence Properties. J Mol. Struct. 2025, 1320: 139748.
[12] Aguedach, A.; Brosillon, S.; Morvan, J.; Lhadi, E. K. Influence of Ionic Strength in the Adsorption and during Photocatalysisof Reactive Black 5 Azo Dye on TiO2 Coated on Nonwoven Paper with SiO2 as a Binder. J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 150: 250‒256.
[13] Li, H.; Shang, J.; Yang, Z.; Shen, W.; Ai, Z.; Zhang, L. Oxygen Vacancy Associated Surface Fenton Chemistry: Surface Structure Dependent Hydroxyl Radicals Generation and Substrate Dependent Reactivity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51: 5685‒5694.
[14] Jiang, J.; Zhao, K.; Xiao, X.; Zhang, L. Synthesis and Facet-Dependent Photoreactivity of BiOCl Single-Crystalline Nanosheets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134: 4473‒4476.
[15] Ye, L. Q.; Zan, L.; Tian, L. H.; Peng, T. Y.; Zhang, J. J. The {001} Facets-Dependent High Photoactivity of BiOCl Nanosheets. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47: 6951‒6953.
[16] Das, K. K.; Mohanty, U. A.; Paramanik, L.; Sahoo, D. P.; Parida, K. Facile Fabrication of B-rGO/ZnFe2O4 p-n Heterojunction-based S-scheme Exciton Engineering for Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction: Kinetics, Influencing Parameters and Detailed Mechanism. RSC Adv. 2024, 14: 20312‒20327.
[17] Chen, Y.; Wang, R.; Gao, H.; Huang, H.; Dong, R.; Lu, C.; Kou, J. Elevating the Photocatalytic Performance of BiOCl by Promoting Light Utilization: From Co doping to the Microreactor. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2024, 15: 1412‒1419.
[18] Hao, L.; Zhang, W.; Li, P.; Yang, J.-H.; Zhang, J. The Effect of Structure-Sensitive TiO2/BiOCl Heterojunction on Photocatalytic Degradation of Norfloxacin. J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128: 11626‒11637.
[19] Wang, Z.; Feng, P.; Chen, H.; Yu, Q. Photocatalytic Performance and Dispersion Stability of Nanodispersed TiO2 Hydrosol in Electrolyte Solutions with Different Cations. J. Environ. Sci. 2020, 88: 59‒71.
[20] Li, H.; Shang, J.; Yang, Z.; Shen, W.; Ai, Z.; Zhang, L. Oxygen Vacancy Associated Surface Fenton Chemistry: Surface Structure Dependent Hydroxyl Radicals Generation and Substrate Dependent Reactivity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51: 5685‒5694.
[21] Joorabi, F. T.; Kamali, M.; Sheibani, S. Effect of Aqueous Inorganic Anions on the Photocatalytic Activity of CuO–Cu2O Nanocomposite on MB and MO Dyes Degradation. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Proc. 2022, 139: 106335.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
