Control Method of DC Motor Based on PID Control

Abstract

DC motor control has long been a fundamental topic in industrial automation, robotics, and embedded systems. Among numerous control strategies, PID control remains the most widely applied approach due to its simple structure, intuitive tuning process, and strong engineering practicality. However, with increasing system complexity and diverse application scenarios, traditional PID methods face challenges such as parameter sensitivity, limited robustness, and difficulties in dealing with disturbances and nonlinearities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of PID-based control methods for DC motors. The survey first introduces the characteristics of DC motor models and summarizes the basic principles of PID control. It then categorizes existing research into several groups, including classical tuning techniques, improved PID structures, adaptive and intelligent PID algorithms, observerassisted PID approaches, and PID implementations within embedded platforms. For each category, representative methods, performance characteristics, advantages, and limitations are systematically analyzed. Furthermore, this review discusses key engineering challenges and identifies research gaps that remain insufficiently addressed in current literature. Overall, the paper aims to present an organized understanding of PID-based DC motor control development and to highlight future research trends in practical and intelligent control strategies.