Environment-Driven Site Selection Model for Mega-Sporting Events

Abstract

Traditional site selection decision-making for largescale sporting events has long suffered from insufficient attention to environmental sustainability, resulting in serious problems such as high carbon emissions, excessive energy and water consumption, serious waste generation, traffic pollution, and huge ecological pressure. In order to improve the scientificity and green performance of venue selection for mega-sporting events, this study constructs a complete environmental sustainability evaluation system including 6 dimensions and 14 indicators, and formulates the multi-city multi-attribute decision problem as a hybrid-weighted TOPSIS model. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to measure subjective weights derived from expert experience, and the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) is used to calculate objective weights reflecting real data differences. The two groups of weights are fused under the optimal parameter θ*=0.1378 to obtain stable and reliable comprehensive weights. Then the TOPSIS model is used to rank the environmental sustainability levels of candidate cities. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis are carried out to verify the stability and robustness of the model. The results show that Seattle ranks first with a comprehensive score of 0.822, which can reduce about 30,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in a single event. The correlation coefficient between the model output score and the official NFL rating is as high as 0.973 (p<0.01), demonstrating high accuracy and practical value. This study supplements missing details, optimizes logical consistency, and introduces two innovations: an eventadaptive dynamic weight adjustment mechanism and an environmental risk early warning module. The framework provides a scientific, data-driven, robust, and scalable decision-making tool for green site selection of the Super Bowl, Formula 1, Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, and other international mega-sporting events.