Progress of Using Nanotechnology in Electric Vehicle Batteries

Abstract

The global new energy vehicle industry is developing rapidly the bottlenecks of traditional lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density, charging and discharging efficiency, cycle life and safety are difficult to meet the needs of electric vehicles, and nanotechnology provides a new path to break through these limitations. This paper review the application of nanotechnology in the field of automotive batteries in recent years, summarize the mechanism of nanotechnology in improving energy density, optimizing charging and discharging speeds, prolonging cycle life and enhancing safety, and summarize the current technological advances and challenges. Nanotechnology can optimize the performance of key battery components by regulating the microstructure and interfacial properties of materials, such as nano-electrode materials to enhance lithium storage capacity and reaction kinetics, nano-coated diaphragms to inhibit lithium dendrite growth, and nano-structural design to promote the development of solid-state electrolytes. In addition, nanotechnology also shows potential in battery thermal management, which can optimize the internal thermal conductivity efficiency and improve the performance stability at extreme temperatures, providing reference for subsequent related research.