Impact of Geographical Location and Building Type on Public Building Energy Consumption: A BIM-Based Simulation Study of a Teaching Building in Kunming

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the high proportion of global building energy consumption and total carbon emissions, promoting building energy efficiency is a key measure to achieve the “dual carbon” goals. This study takes a teaching building in Kunming as the research object, constructs a Building Information Model (BIM) based on Revit, and simulates and analyzes the impact of different geographical locations (Kunming, Xi’an, Beijing, Harbin) and building types (teaching buildings, cinemas, police stations) on energy consumption. The results show that climate conditions are the fundamental factor affecting building energy consumption, Kunming has the lowest annual energy consumption due to its mild climate, while Harbin, a frigid region, has significantly higher heating energy consumption. Building functions and operation modes also have a significant impact on energy consumption, teaching buildings consume less energy than continuously operated buildings due to their intermittent use. Energy-saving strategies suitable for Kunming are further proposed, such as natural ventilation, intelligent lighting, and the utilization of renewable energy, providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for the energysaving design of public buildings in mild climate zones.