Direct Detection of Solar Dark Matter with lceCube: A New Approach

Abstract

This study aims to explore the possibility of indirectly detecting dark matter in the Sun using the IceCube neutrino observatory. Dark matter is usually not detectable directly, but it accumulates in the Sun’s core through gravitational forces. As a result, dark matter undergoes annihilation reactions, producing high-energy neutrino streams. The IceCube detector embedded in the Antarctic ice layer is responsible for detecting these neutrinos. This work simulates the entire process - from capture and annihilation in the Sun to neutrino detection on Earth. Distinguishing this potential signal from the large background of atmospheric neutrinos is the key to achieving a discovery. To improve sensitivity, the author explored advanced statistical methods and machine learning techniques to achieve better background rejection. Looking forward to the future explosion, there will be a gradual deployment of new-generation equipment (such as the “IceCube Second Generation” detector). Its sensitivity is expected to reach eight times the current level, so that it will significantly enhance the ability to detect dark matter. This study aims to establish a systematic framework for indirectly detecting dark matter through the Sun and systematically evaluate the technical challenges currently faced by neutrino telescopes and the scientific opportunities they may bring in future exploration.