Modification of Structural Materials in Lithium Batteries for Energy Density Enhancement

Abstract

The intensification of global warming led to finding clean energy a top priority. Lithium batteries have attracted much attention in the energy field due to their environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the current lithium-ion battery system is limited by material properties and faces technical bottlenecks such as low capacity, unstable voltage, and safety hazards, making it difficult to satisfy the high energy density requirements for large vehicles. Based on the research on the modification of lithium battery structural materials, this paper integrates methods that can improve energy density, including modification of anode, cathode, electrolytes, and separators, and provides a review of the overall structural modification of lithium batteries. It is shown by analysis that replacing the existing graphite anode with silicon-based materials and using hollow nano-silicon structures that can reduced volume expansion rates, adding cation doping or adding metal coatings to the cathode material, adding stabilizing additives to the liquid electrolyte or approaching solid electrolytes, and introducing polar groups and ceramic nanomaterials into the separator are all the ways to improve.