Research on Nano-Fillers for Green Tyres and Their Effect on Tyre Performance

Abstract

To meet increasingly stringent environmental and performance requirements for tyres, research on the application of nano fillers in green high performance tyres has continued to deepen. This paper reviews advances made in the past decade on low volatile organic compounds(VOC) silane modified nano SiO₂, graphene/carbon black synergistic thermal conductive networks and modified montmorillonite. Their interfacial construction methods, reinforcement mechanisms and macroscopic property evolution are systematically compared. Comprehensive data show that low VOC silane modified silica can suppress VOC emissions to below 20 ppm while markedly reducing hysteresis loss; graphene/carbon black networks form highly continuous heat transfer pathways that lower steady state tread temperatures by 10–20 °C while maintaining electrical conductivity and abrasion resistance; and the “brick–mortar” labyrinth structure formed by chain brush grafted montmorillonite not only strengthens barrier properties but also increases modulus retention after thermo oxidative ageing by more than 20 %. Although challenges remain in scale up dispersion processes, quantitative interfacial characterisation and cost performance balance, available evidence has verified the sustainable potential of nano interfacial synergy for green high performance tyre formulations. Future research should focus on low energy preparation technologies such as continuous exfoliation and aqueous phase modification, and establish performance prediction models linking interfacial parameters with macroscopic properties through machine learning, so as to accelerate industrialisation and improve carbon footprint assessment systems.