The research process of fuel cells in the automotive field

Abstract

Against the backdrop of global green development, fuel cells, as an efficient and pollution-free energy utilization device, are regarded as one of the crucial technologies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Fuel cells can convert the chemical energy of fuels into electrical energy efficiently, and there are no greenhouse gas emissions during their operation process. They play an important role in energy utilization and environmental protection. This paper reviews the current development of fuel cells in the automotive field, focusing on the working principles, technical characteristics, and application scenarios of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells. Research shows that solid oxide fuel cells feature long service life and high fuel flexibility but have a long startup time, showing great potential for applications in long-haul transport vehicles. In contrast, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are widely used in the automotive field due to their advantages such as low operating temperature and simple structure. However, they still have some challenges, like the low tolerance to sulfur compounds, and potential safety hazards during the storage and transportation process of hydrogen. In addition, This paper discusses the improvement directions and development trends of fuel cell technology, such as the development orientation of materials and the application of artificial intelligence in fuel cell vehicles.