Jet Engine: Evolution, 3D Printing Applications, and Future with Clean Energy

Abstract

The development of jet engines is the key to driving the development of the aviation industry and changing the military, economic, and social landscape. This article reviews the evolution of jet engine technology, from early piston engines to modern turbofan engine systems, emphasizing their role in achieving higher speeds, altitudes, and fuel efficiency. It explored key innovations such as 3D printing, with practical applications including GE Aviation, Rolls Royce and Pratt & Whitney’s 3D printing components, demonstrating potential to reduce weight, material waste, and production time. However, challenges such as component consistency and scalability still exist. In addition, this article also investigates clean energy alternatives, particularly hydrogen. It can eliminate carbon emissions, but its application still faces challenges such as high combustion rates, high-temperature nitrogen oxide emissions, and high resource and economic costs. Through a review of existing research, this article emphasizes the transformative impact of jet engines and identifies future development directions, including advanced manufacturing and sustainable energy solutions, to provide guidance for the sustainable development of the aviation industry.