Research Progress in CO2 Capture and Storage Technology

Abstract

With the intensification of global climate change, carbon dioxide (CO₂), as a major greenhouse gas, has become a key focus in achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology, an essential method for controlling emissions in industrial and energy sectors, has attracted wide attention. This paper first outlines the primary sources of CO₂ emissions from both daily life and industrial production, highlighting key sectors such as power generation, steel, and cement as major targets for emission control. It then introduces two typical CO₂ capture methods—adsorption and cryogenic separation—explaining their technical principles, advantages, limitations, and applicable scenarios. On the storage side, geological storage technology has matured and has been commercialized in regions such as Northern Europe. Based on this, the paper further explores the future prospects of CCS, emphasizing the need for progress in four areas: technology integration, cost optimization, policy incentives, and market mechanisms. By systematically reviewing current research and practical applications, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and strategic references for CCS development both in China and globally.