Current Status and Development Potential of Nanomaterials in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Focus on Anode and Cathode Modification Strategies

Abstract

This paper provides a systematic review of the current applications and development potential of nanomaterials in lithium-ion batteries. Addressing challenges such as volume expansion, particle pulverisation, and unstable films in silicon-based anode materials, it summarises strategies including nanostructure design, composite modification, and novel binders to enhance cycling stability and conductivity. For issues like voltage decay, capacity reduction, and transition metal leaching in lithium-rich manganese cathodes, it analyses the efficacy of nanomodification methods—such as constructing multi-level conductive networks—in improving electron conduction and structural stability. Research indicates that nanomaterials, through their unique size effects, high specific surface area, and interfacial properties, significantly enhance the energy density, rate performance, and safety of lithium batteries. This provides crucial theoretical foundations and technical pathways for developing next-generation lithium batteries with high-energy-density. Future research should further focus on the large-scale preparation of nanomaterials, cost control, and their interface with electrolytes. These efforts will help advance practical applications in energy.