Research Progress on Low-Cost and Large-Scale Preparation of Graphene Thermally Conductive Enhanced Electrodes

Abstract

 The surging heat dissipation demand of high-power electronic devices (such as 240W fast-charging mobile phones and 800V platform electric vehicles) has driven graphene thermal conductive materials from laboratory to industrialization. This paper systematically reviews the latest progress in three major technical routes: wet chemical exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, and roll-to-roll continuous preparation. The H₂SO₄-Na₂S₂O₈ wet chemical exfoliation system achieves a yield of 90.8% and a sheet size of 54.7 μm²; the oxalic acid-hydrogen peroxide electrochemical exfoliation controls the oxygen content at 2.41 at.%; the roll-to-roll electric field-assisted directional arrangement results in a yield of 92%. Through the aramid film precursor nitrogen doping technology (nitrogen content 9 at.%), the thermal conductivity is increased to 1754 W/m·K (in-plane) and 14.2 W/m·K (out-of-plane). Domestic equipment (such as Ruistai graphitization furnace) reduces costs by 40%, and the electric Joule heating technology enables single-batch energy consumption < 3 kW·h. Finally, the industrialization challenges such as interlayer heat transfer optimization (interface thermal resistance accounts for 62%) and flexible substrate compatibility (PI substrate warpage > 3mm/m) are analyzed, and future directions such as plasma intercalation and bionic structure design are prospected.