Research Progress of Soil Pollution and Its Remediation Technology

Abstract

As an important component of the Earth's ecosystem, soil health is directly related to ecological security and human health. In recent years, the combined pollution of heavy metals and microplastics has become increasingly serious, which seriously weakens the ecological function of soil and brings potential health risks. In this paper, typical pollution cases and technical literature are systematically reviewed, focusing on the mechanism of combined pollution of heavy metals and microplastics, to analyze the application efficiency and limitations of bioremediation (Microbial fuel cell, phytoextraction and plant-microbe synergy) and physicochemical remediation (thermal desorption, leaching, solidification-stabilization) technologies. Phytoremediation relies on hyperaccumulators (e.g., pteris vittata) that accumulate arsenic, but is limited by the growth cycle and multitargeting defects. Microbial fuel cells are highly efficient for the degradation of organic pollutants, but are not suitable for large-scale applications. As a carrier of pollutants, microplastics significantly amplify the risk of heavy metal migration, but the existing technology has not yet formed a systematic solution to their synergistic treatment. This study provides a theoretical basis for constructing a soil treatment path of“Pollution removal-ecological function restoration”, and has important practical significance for improving the overall health and sustainable use of soil systems.