The Investigation of 15-puzzle, Varikon Boxes, and Similar Variants

Authors

  • Shingsui Eric Ren
  • Yuanyi He
  • Jiacheng He
  • Yuhao Cheng

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61173/2z34j345

Keywords:

The Varikon box, 15-puzzle, permutational puzzles, permutation parity

Abstract

The Varikon box, a 3-dimensional variant of the 15-puzzle, is the focus of this investigation. The goal is to investigate three questions: Whether swapping positions of two of its blocks affect its solvability, the number of distinct configurations of the puzzle, and the least number of steps needed for solving the 15-puzzle. First, we introduced our investigation with the same questions, yet for 15-puzzle, specifically using permutation parity to testify one’s solvability, then finding the pattern vice versa that is possible 15-puzzle configurations, and then all of it is mirrored onto the study of Varikon Boxes and other permutational puzzles.

References

D’eon, J. and Nehaniv, C. (2020). ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURE OF THE VARIKON BOX. [online] Available at: https://arxiv. org/pdf/2006.01296v1. Conrad, K. (n.d.). THE 15-PUZZLE (AND RUBIK’S CUBE). [online] Available at: https://kconrad.math.uconn.edu/blurbs/ grouptheory/15puzzle.pdf. Chapple, A., Croeze, A., Lazo, M. and Merrill, H. (2000). AN ANALYSIS OF THE 15-PUZZLE. [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265231296_AN_ ANALYSIS_OF_THE_15-PUZZLE [Accessed 21 Aug. 2024]. Powell, C. et al. (2020) A mathematical analysis of the 15 puzzle. https://calebmpowell.com/files/15_Puzzle.pdf. Williams, T. (2020). Parity in practice: The 15-Puzzle. [online] Groups Made Simple. Available at: https://groupsmadesimple. wordpress.com/2020/06/06/parity-in-practice-the-15-puzzle/ [Accessed 22 Aug. 2024]. Demaine, E. and Rudoy, M. (2018) A simple proof that the (n2 − 1)-puzzle is hard. [online] Available at: https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304397518302652 [Accessed 22 Aug. 2024] Parberry, I. (2015) Solving the (n2 − 1)-Puzzle with 8/3 n3 Expected Moves [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate. net/publication/281978970_Solving_the_n2_-_1-Puzzle_

Dean&Francis Shingsui Eric Ren, Yuanyi He, Jiacheng He, Yuhao Cheng with_83_n3_Expected_Moves [Accessed 25 Aug. 2024] Contributors of Algorithms Insight. (2018) Implementing A-star(A*) to solve N-Puzzle [online] Available at: https:// algorithmsinsight.wordpress.com/graph-theory-2/a-star-ingeneral/implementing-a-star-to-solve-n-puzzle/ [Accessed 26 Aug. 2024] Achknowledgement We are deeply grateful to the support from Mr. Dan Ciubotaru, Mr. Xiangyin Chen, and Mr. Shanlin Guan for mathematical support and checking on our proves and calculations. We also thank GeoGebra.org as a tool for us to create multiple images for the demonstrations required in this paper.

Downloads

Published

2025-07-06