Han, Haoran, Siyao Wu, Jinyao Yang, and Yizhuo Zhao. “The Foundation, Current Situation and Future Prospects of Pre-Training Large Language Models”. Science and Technology of Engineering, Chemistry and Environmental Protection 2, no. 3 (June 6, 2024): 1602. Accessed November 4, 2026. https://stecep.deanfrancis.press/article/view/1735.